When only one input is on the output is on. This table makes it clear that when both inputs are on or off the output is off. The XOR gate symbol and truth table are shown above. It is common to use XOR gates in half adders, full adders, and for other computations so this is an important gate to understand. At 31:48 how to build the Exclusive OR gate is discussed at length. The video above shows how to build all types of logic gates. Finally when both inputs are off the output is off because the current does flow into the base of the OR gate transistors making it so the current can flow from the far right resistor into the second ground. When one input is on current is able to flow from the far right transistor to the second ground. When this happens the switch is off because there is not enough voltage going into the base of the third transistor. This is the case because all of the current from the first resistor from the left is going to the first ground. Looking at the configuration in the photo the current from the far right resistor can not reach the ground to the left so the LED is off. The gate design is a NAND gate on the left two transistors, a switch for the middle transistors, and an OR-like gate for the last two transistors. If there is any ambiguity in the placement of wires the circuit diagram can be referenced. Different color wires help to see the connections. The two resistors on the left are the two inputs. In the layout inputs A and B are both on which is why the LED is off. The photo above shows a simple XOR gate that uses 5 transistors. It can also be built with NOR gates and 10 transistors would be needed. The XOR gate can be built with NAND gates but 8 transistors are needed. However in order to send an output 6 transistors will be needed. In the simplest design, only 5 transistors are needed. That is why is the exclusive OR gate as in only for the true OR cases. This gate is similar to the OR gate but when both inputs are on the output is off. In this article, I will show 4 different ways it can be built on a breadboard using individual transistors. The XOR gate is also called the exclusive OR gate.
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